This post delves into the life of Neil Armstrong, the quintessential American hero, and the first human to set foot on the Moon. Explore photos, a biography, intriguing facts, accolades, anecdotes, and a comprehensive look at Apollo 11’s iconic commander.
Apollo 11 Mission Timeline
First Man On The Moon
Neil Alden Armstrong became the first human to walk on the Moon, taking that historic step at 02:56 UTC on July 21, 1969. His famous words, “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind,” still echo today. Born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on August 5, 1930, Armstrong remains an enigmatic figure. So, who was this man who became the first to tread on the lunar surface? Dive in to discover all there is to know about this unassuming hero.
Neil Armstrong’s Career Highlights
Fast Facts
Neil Armstrong: Quick Facts
| Fact | Details |
|---|---|
| Birthdate | August 5, 1930 |
| Death date | August 25, 2012 |
| Birthplace | Wapakoneta, Ohio |
| Birth name | Neil Alden Armstrong |
| Mother | Viola (Engel) Armstrong |
| Father | Stephen Armstrong, an auditor |
| Education locations | Purdue University (1947-1949, 1952-1955) B.S.; University of Southern California, M.A., 1970 |
| Military Duty | U.S. Navy, 1949-1952 |
| Marriages | Carol (Held Knight) Armstrong (June 12, 1994-August 25, 2012, his death); Janet (Shearon) Armstrong (1956-1994, divorced) |
| Children | With wife Janet Shearon Armstrong: Mark Stephen, April 8, 1963; Karen Anne, April 13, 1959-January 28, 1962; Erik Alan, June 30, 1957 |
Neil Armstrong’s Life Post-Moon Landing
Following his return from the Moon, Neil Armstrong fulfilled his post-flight obligations and took on a role as ARPA’s Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics for one year.
He then transitioned into academia, serving as a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati for nearly a decade.
Subsequently, he became a corporate spokesman, representing Chrysler, among other notable companies.
In addition to these roles, Armstrong held board positions at various corporations, including United Airlines, and acted as Chairman of the Board for EDO.
After the Space Shuttle Challenger tragedy, he was appointed by the President to the Rogers Commission investigating the incident. Neil Armstrong passed away on August 25, 2012.
Intriguing Trivia
Neil Armstrong earned his pilot’s license before even getting behind the wheel of a car. Also an Eagle Scout, Armstrong secured a Navy scholarship to Purdue University. However, his academic journey hit a snag when he was called to active duty right before the Korean War kicked off.
As both a military and civilian aviator, Armstrong piloted an astonishing range of over 200 aircraft types. This diverse list included jets, helicopters, and even rocket planes like the iconic X-15 and X-1B.
Neil Armstrong’s iconic Moon landing quote was actually a bit different than most remember. According to Armstrong, he actually said, “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” The “a” was lost due to microphone issues during transmission.
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Timeline of Neil Armstrong’s Life and Achievements
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 1946 August 5 | Receives his pilot’s license |
| 1950-1952 | Military fighter pilot during the Korean War; completed 78 missions and received three air medals |
| 1955-1962 | Civilian test pilot |
| 1962 September 17 | Joins NASA as part of the second astronaut group |
| 1966 March 16 | Command Pilot of Gemini 8; completes first space docking with Pilot David Scott |
| 1969 July 16-24 | Commander of the Apollo 11 mission to the Moon with Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins |
| 1969 July 20 | Becomes the first man to walk on the Moon; spends approximately two hours on the lunar surface |
| 1969 | Receives the Presidential Medal of Freedom |
| 1970-1971 | Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics at NASA |
| 1971-1979 | Professor of Engineering at the University of Cincinnati |
| 1978 | Receives the Congressional Space Medal of Honor |
| 1986 | Vice-chairman of the Rogers Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster |
| 1993 March 19 | Initiated into the Astronaut Hall of Fame |
| 1994 July 20 | Meets 19 other astronauts and US President Bill Clinton at a White House service to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing |
| 2004 July 21 | Visits a White House ceremony with Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins, marking the 35th anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon Mission |
| 2006 September | Voice verification software fixes the missing “a” in his famous moon landing quote |
| 2007 October | Visits Purdue University’s Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering dedication ceremony |
| 2010 March | Visits US troops in Afghanistan and Iraq with NASA astronauts Jim Lovell and Eugene Cernan |
| 2010 May | Testifies before congressional committees against the president’s NASA plans, advocating for the continuation of the space shuttle program |
| 2011 November 16 | Receives the Congressional Gold Medal for Distinguished Astronauts |
| 2012 August | Undergoes heart surgery |
| 2012 August 25 | Passes away at the age of 82 due to complications from cardiovascular procedures|
| 2019 July 23 | New York Times reports that Neil’s family received $6 million in wrongful death compensation from a hospital in 2014 |
Armstrong’s Early Career in Aviation and Research
Post his naval aviator stint from 1949 to 1952, Armstrong came on board with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955. He initially worked at what was then the NACA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, now known as NASA Glenn.
Armstrong’s Diverse Aviation Career
During the subsequent 17 years, Armstrong wore multiple hats—engineer, test pilot, astronaut, and administrator—first for NACA and then for its successor, NASA. Stationed at NASA’s Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, he piloted a range of groundbreaking high-speed aircraft, including the famed X-15, which reached speeds of 4,000 mph. Armstrong’s flight experience was diverse, piloting over 200 different types of aircraft like jets, rockets, helicopters, and gliders.
Armstrong’s Pioneering Role in Gemini 8
In 1962, Neil Armstrong transitioned into an astronaut role and took command of the Gemini 8 mission. Launched on March 16, 1966, Armstrong made history by successfully docking two spacecraft in orbit for the first time.
Armstrong – “First Man on the Moon”
Serving as the commander for Apollo 11, the inaugural manned mission to the Moon, Armstrong earned the historic title of being the first person to both land a spacecraft on the lunar surface and set foot on it.
Following his lunar mission, Armstrong took on the role of Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics at NASA’s Washington, D.C. headquarters. Here, he oversaw NASA’s aeronautics research and tech initiatives. From 1971 to 1979, he served as a Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati. Later, between 1982 and 1992, he chaired Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc., located in Charlottesville, VA.
Neil earned his B.S. in Aeronautical Engineering from Purdue University and an M.S. in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California. He also boasts honorary doctorates from various academic institutions. A Fellow of both the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the Royal Aeronautical Society, Armstrong was also an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, as well as the International Astronautics Federation.
Decorated by 17 Countries
Neil Armstrong was part of both the National Academy of Engineering and the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco. He contributed to the National Commission on Space from 1985 to 1986 and served as Vice-Chairman for the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident in 1986. Additionally, he chaired the Presidential Advisory Committee for the Peace Corps between 1971 and 1973.
Armstrong received decorations from 17 different nations and was honored with numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.
Awarded the Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society
Recipient of the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, Explorers Club Medal, Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, NASA Distinguished Service Medal, Harmon International Aviation Trophy, Royal Geographical Society’s Gold Medal, Federation Aeronautique Internationale’s Gold Space Medal, and the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award.
Winner of the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the AIAA Astronautics Award, the Octave Chanute Award, and the John J. Montgomery Award. Armstrong died at age 82 on August 25, 2012, due to complications from cardiovascular procedures.
Remembering Neil Armstrong
The world and the United States lost a monumental figure on Saturday, August 25. Neil Armstrong, eternally etched in history as the first person to walk on the Moon on July 20, 1969, was a pinnacle achievement for the budding U.S. space program.
Neil Armstrong’s Iconic Moon Landing Quote
When Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon on July 20, 1969, he uttered words that would resonate through history: “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” This simple yet profound statement encapsulated the significance of the Apollo 11 mission. It wasn’t just an achievement for Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, or even NASA; it was a monumental step for humanity.
Armstrong’s line was carefully considered, but a quirk of history made it even more enigmatic. The astronaut always insisted that he said, “That’s one small step for a man,” but the “a” was lost in transmission due to technical limitations of the time. It wasn’t until 2006, with advanced voice recognition software, that the elusive “a” was finally confirmed, restoring the sentence’s original meaning. This tiny detail adds another layer to an already complex narrative, emphasizing the individual’s role in a collective achievement.
These words have inspired countless people to look to the skies and wonder about our place in the universe. They’re cited in speeches, featured in documentaries, and taught in classrooms. They encapsulate the spirit of exploration, the joy of discovery, and the profound implications of stepping onto an alien world for the first time. The phrase has been analyzed, studied, and revered as a pinnacle of human accomplishment, captured in a handful of words that resonate with an indescribable sense of awe and pride.
Armstrong’s famous statement has not only become a staple in the annals of history but has also transcended its original context. It’s a universal proclamation of human potential, a mantra for explorers, dreamers, and anyone who strives to push the boundaries of what’s possible.
The U.S. Space Program: A Catalyst for Innovation
The United States’ journey into space exploration reached its zenith with the Apollo program, a series of missions that aimed to put a man on the Moon. This ambitious undertaking was a pinnacle of human endeavor and technological ingenuity. Neil Armstrong, as the commander of Apollo 11, became the face of this audacious project. His lunar steps marked not just a victory for America but a monumental leap for mankind.
Neil Armstrong: The Embodiment of American Space Ambitions
Armstrong’s name is inextricably linked with the U.S. space program. His background as a naval aviator and test pilot made him an ideal candidate for astronaut training. Armstrong was part of NASA’s second group of astronauts, known as the “New Nine,” selected in 1962. His involvement in various space missions, including Gemini 8, made him a seasoned spacefarer even before the Apollo 11 mission.
Apollo 11: The Pinnacle of the U.S. Space Program
When Armstrong set foot on the Moon, he didn’t just fulfill a national objective; he realized a global dream. The Apollo 11 mission served as proof that humanity could extend its reach beyond Earth, and Armstrong became a symbol of that possibility. His famous words, “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind,” encapsulated the ethos of the U.S. space program — a blend of courage, curiosity, and scientific achievement.
Legacy and Influence
Armstrong’s contribution to the U.S. space program went beyond just landing on the Moon. He later served in administrative roles at NASA and shared his experiences as an educator. His life and achievements continue to inspire new generations of scientists, engineers, and ordinary people who look to the stars and see not a limit but a frontier waiting to be explored.
After Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong retired from NASA, and shortly afterward, in 1971, he joined the University of Cincinnati as a Professor of Aerospace Engineering.
Armstrong’s Sense of Humor
The Understated Wit: An Overview
Neil Armstrong may be best known for his historic moonwalk, but those who knew him often cite his quiet sense of humor as one of his defining traits. Armstrong had the ability to lighten tense situations, whether in a cockpit or a classroom, with his understated wit. This subtle humor often surfaced in interviews and interactions, revealing a man who was not only a great astronaut but also an engaging human being.
Moon Humor: Lightening the Lunar Landing
Even in the gravest of situations, Armstrong’s humor shone through. For instance, upon landing the Lunar Module, Armstrong quipped, “Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed.” The term “Tranquility Base” was not a pre-planned name but a touch of Armstrong humor, highlighting the landing site near the Sea of Tranquility. It was his way of adding a bit of levity to a moment laden with historical and scientific importance.
Armstrong in Everyday Life
Away from the limelight and mission control, Armstrong was known for his quick wit among his peers and students. He taught aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati and often used humor to make complex subjects more accessible. He could turn a lecture on orbital mechanics into an engaging session punctuated by his characteristic one-liners.
Anecdotes and Interviews
Armstrong’s interviews often included subtle, humorous jabs or clever wordplay. For example, when asked about the complexities of space flight, he would reply with a wry smile, “It’s not rocket science. Oh wait, it is.” His humor had a way of making complicated issues seem more approachable, demonstrating the balanced character of a man who was both a pioneering astronaut and a relatable individual.
The Humor Legacy
Neil Armstrong’s sense of humor may not be the first thing that comes to mind when considering his contributions to science and history, but it’s an integral part of who he was. His humor serves as a reminder that even heroes have human qualities that make them endearing and relatable. It adds another layer to the complex portrait of a man who was not just a global icon but also a person with the ability to connect, engage, and, most importantly, bring a smile to people’s faces.
Never Discussed Apollo Program
The Apollo Enigma: Armstrong’s Silence
Neil Armstrong’s legendary role in the Apollo 11 mission placed him in the global spotlight, yet surprisingly, he rarely spoke about it in public. Armstrong chose to keep his experiences largely to himself, a paradox that intrigues both experts and fans of space exploration. Despite multiple invitations to speak and write about Apollo, Armstrong stayed reserved.
Interviews and Public Appearances
When Armstrong did make public appearances or give interviews, he was often laconic about his own experiences. Instead, he preferred to focus on the teamwork that went into the Apollo program and the advancements it brought to science and technology. He shifted attention away from himself, emphasizing the collective effort.
Behind Closed Doors
Those who were close to Armstrong suggest that his silence on the topic was not due to a lack of interest but rather a deeply rooted sense of humility. He viewed the Apollo mission as a monumental human achievement rather than a personal one. Even in private settings, Armstrong was reticent about the program, choosing to engage in other subjects instead.
Speculations and Theories
Various theories attempt to explain Armstrong’s silence. Some suggest he was safeguarding the sanctity of the event, concerned that too much talk might diminish its historical significance. Others hypothesize that he wanted to avoid the pitfalls of fame, remaining a down-to-earth individual despite his monumental achievements.
Armstrong’s Lasting Mystique
Neil Armstrong’s reluctance to publicly discuss the Apollo program adds to his enigmatic persona. While the world may never fully understand his reasons, his silence speaks volumes about his character. It leaves us to ponder the magnitude of the mission and its impact, not just as a Neil Armstrong accomplishment but as a triumph of human endeavor.
Armstrong’s Final Legacy
A Quiet Yet Resounding Legacy
Neil Armstrong left an indelible mark on history as the first man to set foot on the moon. Despite this monumental achievement, Armstrong chose to live a largely private life, away from the glare of the media. Yet, his legacy reverberates far beyond the moon landing.
Impact on Space Exploration
Armstrong’s role in the Apollo 11 mission was a tipping point for space exploration. He became a symbol of human potential, setting the stage for future missions and innovations. While Armstrong himself may have shied away from the limelight, his contributions put the U.S. on the map as a leader in space technology and inspired countless individuals to dream big.
Educational Contributions
Beyond space, Armstrong continued to shape the future as an educator. He served as a professor at the University of Cincinnati, influencing the next generation of engineers and space enthusiasts. Though he avoided discussing his Apollo experiences, his teachings were still imbued with the knowledge and wisdom gained from them.
Humanitarian Values
Throughout his life, Armstrong stayed committed to humanitarian causes. He lent his voice to various charitable organizations and scientific councils, advocating for the betterment of humanity. He might have stepped away from public discussions about Apollo, but he never retreated from contributing to societal progress.
Armstrong and Pop Culture
Neil Armstrong became an icon immortalized in books, movies, and memorabilia. Though he took a step back from this celebrity, the world continued to hold him in awe. His name became synonymous with courage, exploration, and the insatiable human urge to discover.
The Armstrong Enigma
In death, as in life, Neil Armstrong remains a subject of fascination and respect. He left behind not just a leap for mankind but a lasting legacy that crosses multiple domains, from science to education to humanitarian work. In a world of oversharing and self-promotion, Armstrong’s humility and depth make his legacy even more compelling.
Reluctant Hero
The Man Behind the Moon Landing
Neil Armstrong’s iconic first step on the moon made him an instant hero. However, unlike many who find themselves thrust into the spotlight, Armstrong was a reluctant hero. He carried this modest demeanor throughout his life, shunning the kind of celebrity status that often accompanies such monumental achievements.
A Humble Approach
From interviews to public appearances, Armstrong consistently deflected attention away from himself and onto the broader accomplishments of the Apollo 11 mission and the people who made it possible. In doing so, he set a standard for humility and grace in the face of unprecedented acclaim.
A Private Life
Armstrong’s reserved nature extended into his personal life. He was not one for the public eye, choosing to keep his family and private affairs away from the spotlight. This tendency to maintain a low profile has often been misunderstood but reflects Armstrong’s commitment to a private ethos.
The Weight of Responsibility
Despite being intensely private, Armstrong understood the weight of his role in history. He took his responsibilities seriously, whether speaking to Congress about space exploration or attending events honoring his fellow astronauts. Armstrong navigated the complex terrain of being a public figure while maintaining a strong sense of personal integrity.
Respecting the Mission
Neil Armstrong’s reluctance to bask in the glory that came with being the first man on the moon speaks to a larger ethos: one that respects the enormity and collective efforts of the mission. He may have been a reluctant hero, but in doing so, he became an enduring symbol of humility and dedication.
Purchased a Farm
The Astronaut Turned Farmer
Believe it or not, the first man to walk on the moon also knew his way around a tractor. After the whirlwind of Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong took an unexpected turn: he purchased a farm.
A Love for Land
The farm, located in Ohio, was a reflection of Armstrong’s grounded nature. While it may seem surprising that an astronaut would have such an earthly interest, those who knew Armstrong well say it aligns perfectly with his character.
The Farm as a Retreat
Armstrong used the farm as a sanctuary of sorts—a place where he could escape the intense scrutiny that followed him after the lunar landing. While public interest in his every move remained high, the farm offered a shield from the limelight.
Practical Skills
Even in this rural setting, Armstrong’s engineering mindset was evident. He applied a problem-solving approach to farm tasks, from fixing machinery to optimizing crop yields. Friends and family often remarked how Armstrong seemed just as comfortable on a tractor as he did in a spacecraft.
An Oasis of Normality
Neil Armstrong’s decision to purchase a farm wasn’t a rejection of his extraordinary achievements but rather an embrace of normality, a chance to ground himself both literally and figuratively. It stands as a testament to Armstrong’s complexity and the depth of his character.
NASA Administrator
The Administrator Stint
After the Apollo missions, Neil Armstrong took a lesser-known but impactful role. He served as NASA’s Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics. But what exactly did this role entail?
The Office Role
Armstrong wasn’t just about space; he was about aeronautics on Earth, too. In his administrator role, he oversaw NASA’s research and technology projects related to flight within Earth’s atmosphere.
Balancing Research and Logistics
Armstrong coordinated between various departments, ensuring smooth operations and advancing technological research. His engineering mindset and experience as an astronaut made him ideal for this job.
Impact on Future Projects
Though he was in the role for a relatively short period, Armstrong’s influence was felt in projects that came after, from improvements in commercial aviation to advancements in wind tunnel testing.
Beyond the Moon Landing
This role might not have been as glamorous as walking on the moon, but it highlighted Armstrong’s versatility and commitment to advancing aeronautics and space research. It serves as another fascinating chapter in Armstrong’s multifaceted career.
Neil Armstrong at Gersfeld, West Germany
Gersfeld Visit: More than a Social Call
Neil Armstrong’s trip to Gersfeld, West Germany, wasn’t just a vacation. It was an important diplomatic venture to a country pivotal in aerospace engineering. So what was the agenda?
Science Diplomacy
Armstrong’s visit aimed to strengthen U.S.-German relations in the field of aeronautics and space research. Germany had been a strong player in these sectors, and Armstrong represented America’s advances.
Public Engagement
The astronaut-turned-public figure gave talks and attended events. He met with academics, engineers, and students, inspiring the next generation of aerospace enthusiasts in Germany.
Research Collaboration
Armstrong discussed collaborative possibilities, including joint missions and research initiatives. These conversations went beyond mere courtesy; they aimed to foster scientific partnerships.
A Wider Reach
Neil Armstrong wasn’t just America’s hero; he was a global icon. His visit to Gersfeld was a testament to his universal appeal and the unifying power of space exploration.
Neil’s Nerves of Steel
Unshakable Under Pressure
Neil Armstrong’s “nerves of steel” weren’t just a character trait; they were a critical skill that made history. Let’s delve into the instances where his unflappable demeanor was put to the test.
First Docking in Space
Armstrong’s calm nerves were never more apparent than during the Gemini 8 mission. After successfully docking two spacecraft in orbit, a malfunction sent them into a spin. Armstrong calmly regained control.
Apollo 11’s Final Moments
As Apollo 11 neared the moon, alarms rang out. With fuel running low, Armstrong coolly altered the landing trajectory, avoiding disaster and safely landing the module.
Beyond Space Missions
Even outside his space adventures, Armstrong’s equanimity was legendary. Whether teaching at the University of Cincinnati or participating in high-stakes investigations, his stoicism was palpable.
Lasting Impact
Neil Armstrong’s nerves of steel made him not only an extraordinary astronaut but also an inspiring figure for future generations. His poise under pressure has become a standard in astronaut training and a subject of universal admiration.
Armstrong the “Right Stuff”
The Epitome of “The Right Stuff”
When it comes to astronauts, the term “The Right Stuff” often gets thrown around. What does it really mean, and why is Neil Armstrong its living embodiment? Let’s dive in.
Early Indicators
From his early days as a naval aviator to his time as a test pilot, Armstrong displayed extraordinary skills and courage. He handled the riskiest missions, showing not just technical prowess but also an unparalleled sense of duty.
Apollo 11 and Beyond
It was the Apollo 11 mission that cemented Armstrong’s place as a man with “The Right Stuff.” His calm demeanor during the hair-raising descent to the Moon’s surface showcased his ability to stay cool under immense pressure.
After Apollo
Even after his time with NASA, Armstrong continued to show “The Right Stuff” in various roles, including academia and public service. His legacy isn’t just as the first man on the moon but as a man of exceptional character and bravery.
Why It Matters
Neil Armstrong remains the gold standard for what it takes to be an astronaut, embodying the unique blend of courage, skill, and humility known as “The Right Stuff.” His life serves as an enduring testament to what humans can achieve when they possess these rare qualities.
Ejecting From Lunar Landing Vehicle
Neil took his turn at the simulator. The professor then said that Neil just set the record for maintaining control the longest with this simulation.
Neil ejected from a flight of the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle as the Flying Bedstead (the LLTV’s nickname) became unstable and spun out of control at about 100 feet above the ground. A half-second further delay in ejecting would have resulted in the parachute not opening in time.
Rewarded With The “Ejection Handle”
Neil landed safely and walked away, suffering only from a bloody tongue. Weber Aircraft manufactured the ejection system and awarded Neil with the ejection handle handsomely mounted on a simple plaque.
The plaque honored his entry into the Turtle Club, where he joined other aviators who paid the price of admission by safely ejecting from their aircraft.
Best Wishes From a Russian Cosmonaut
Alongside the Weber Turtle Club plaque in Neil’s Rhodes Hall office was a prescription bottle with pills for motion sickness.
A physician did not prescribe the pills but rather presented to Neil by a Soviet Cosmonaut with best wishes for a safe journey to the moon and then back home.
Neil Armstrong and the Space Race
This was a most interesting gesture considering the state of the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States.
If I had the opportunity to ask Neil to reflect on his accomplishment, she likely would have turned our discussion to the future and said something like — our teams achieved the dreams of generations, but what’s really important is what we do next. The first man to walk on the moon also liked keeping his feet on the earth and his eyes on the sky, and that’s Neil Armstrong my classmates and I know.
Neil Could Present an Aerodynamic Concept
Professor and the first man on the moon, Neil Armstrong, had the rare capability to present an aerodynamic concept on the blackboard in its theoretical form.
Then, put down the chalk, turn to the class, and describe a personal experience from his days as a test pilot to bring the concept to life.
Through this process, my classmates and I gained a solid understanding of aerodynamics as well as a glimpse into the realities of flight testing.
Board of Directors at Learjet
We learned that even though things don’t always go as planned, the laws of physics and aerodynamics always prevail. He demonstrated that reality again during my first year as a performance engineer at Gates Learjet Corporation (Bombardier Aerospace Learjet today).
Neil served on the Board of Directors at Learjet throughout most of the 1970s, and the Board wanted some publicity for its new, high-performance Learjet Model 28. So, in February 1979, Neil set a time-to-climb record in the first production Learjet 28 from sea level to 15,000 meters (49,213 ft.) in 12 minutes, 26.7 seconds.
“First Flight Airport in Kitty Hawk”
I was one of two Learjet engineers selected to calculate the optimum climb profile. The crew used it to set the record and was on-site with the support crew at First Flight Airport in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, when the mission was flown.
Just prior to boarding the Learjet 28 at Kitty Hawk, Neil approached the other engineer, Dave, and myself to discuss the last-minute unexpected change in the takeoff profile.
It seems that air traffic control had cleared the flight through an unrestricted climb corridor to the Southeast out over the Atlantic Ocean.
But the runway orientation and surface winds at Kitty Hawk necessitated a takeoff to the Northeast.
Neil explained that rather than a straight-out climb as he and his co-pilot, Pete Reynolds (a Learjet test pilot) had practiced in Wichita the day before. They would have to make a substantial right turn immediately after takeoff to establish the proper heading for which the flight had been cleared.
Neil was asking us whether a gradual turn to the right while accelerating or an immediate turn at low speed before accelerating would result in the lowest energy usage.
Dave and I were scratching our heads and fumbling for our calculators when Neil suggested that an immediate right turn before accelerating seemed like the best choice for him.
We looked at each other, still dumbfounded by the unexpected change in our carefully calculated mission, and simultaneously agreed.“Yup, that sounds good to us, Neil. We think that would be best!”
To this day, I’m not sure we ever really knew which type of turning maneuver was best, but who was going to challenge the gut instincts of Neil Armstrong on aircraft performance?
The resulting takeoff was quite spectacular as I watched the Learjet from the side of the runway make an abrupt right turn.
With a steep nose-up orientation at the treetop level (do not try this at home) while leveling off for the initial acceleration to 250 knots before commencing the record climb.
Less than 12.5 minutes later, a new world record had been set as the Learjet zoomed through 15,000 meters, and the crew turned back toward a planned landing at Elizabeth City, North Carolina. At this point, the flight test plan called for a gradual descent at idle power back to Elizabeth City, some 28 nautical miles from Kitty Hawk. To keep the plane as light as possible, only enough fuel to make the climb and return to base, with minimal reserves, was loaded.
Neil and Pete had practiced this mission several times in Wichita, and we had a good handle on the fuel required for the mission. What none of us had planned, though, was the fact that as they turned back toward Elizabeth City.
100 knots – Direct Headwind
They now realized the winds aloft were blowing at nearly 100 knots from the Northwest — direct headwind!
Planned as a calm descent at idle power quickly became an anxious seat-of-the-pants exercise in energy management to minimize fuel flow while maximizing forward ground speed. Fuel flow is lowest at high altitudes, but that’s where the strongest winds were.
Neil and Pete
Neil and Pete were the two best pilots to handle this problem. Pete later shared the story of their conversation in the cockpit while on a long final approach into Elizabeth City. The conversation reportedly went something like this: Neil:
“How much fuel do we have, Pete?”
Pete: “Well, the ‘LEFT’ tank reads 250 pounds, the ‘RIGHT’ tank reads 150 pounds, but if I put the selector on ‘BOTH,’ it reads 500 pounds.”
Neil: “Keep the selector on ‘BOTH’!”
Learjet Model 28
The flight ended safely at Elizabeth City as planned, and we all enjoyed a celebratory dinner that night at the hotel. The next morning we gathered around the record-setting Learjet Model 28 to prepare for departure. A Learjet mechanic climbed into the cockpit to start the engines and taxi the plane across the ramp for refueling. As the left jet engine roared to life and was settling to its idle speed, it had no sooner stabilized than it suddenly flamed out and quietly spooled down.
30 Seconds of Fuel
The engine had quit from fuel starvation. That was it. There was no more fuel on the plane! We then realized just how close Neil and Pete (and the official NAA observer) had come to falling a bit short of their goal.
Just as Neil’s skillful piloting had landed him and Buzz Aldrin on the moon in 1969 with less than 30 seconds of fuel remaining, the same piloting skills and keen engineering instincts brought him to a safe landing in a Learjet ten years later. Only with less than 30 seconds of fuel Remaining.
After the plane was refueled that morning, I had the privilege of riding as a passenger in the same Learjet 28 with Professor Armstrong and Pete Reynolds at the controls.
As we took Neil from Elizabeth City back to Cincinnati on that sunny Tuesday morning so he could teach his next class at UC!
Though a few minutes late to class, it’s clear that he was as dedicated to his students. As he was to the board of directors.
It is rare that a professor of any subject can draw upon their years of real-life experience to convey that subject to their students.
UC and my fellow Aerospace Engineering students of the ‘70s had the privilege of working and learning from one of the best. He will be missed greatly by all who knew him.
Armstrong’s Childhood and Early Life
Neil Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio. He was the eldest child of Stephen Koenig Armstrong and Viola Louise. Neil had a younger sister, June, and a younger brother, Dean. Since his father was employed as an auditor for the government, much of his early life was spent traveling from one city to another.
Neil Armstrong’s Love For Flying
His love for flying grew quite early when his father took him to the Cleveland Air Races. Neil Armstrong was just two years old at that time. At the age of five, he experienced his first-ever airplane flight. This left an indelible mark on the mind of young Neil. He attended Blume High School in Wapakoneta, Ohio.
When Did Neil Armstrong Take His Light Certificate?
Alongside this, he took flying lessons and earned his student light certificate at the age of 16. Neil was an active member of the Boy Scouts and soon climbed up the ranks to become an Eagle Scout. In 1947, he enrolled at Purdue University to study aeronautical engineering.
When Did Neil Armstrong Qualify as a Naval Aviator?
He was sponsored by the Holloway Plan, according to which it was mandatory for him to serve in the U.S. Navy for three years. After his engineering course, he was called to join the service in 1949. He later asked to report to Naval Air Station Pensacola for flight training. After about 18 months of rigorous training, he finally qualified as a naval aviator in August 1950.
After undertaking a few routine assignments, he saw action for the first time in the Korean War in August 1951, when he flew as an escort for a photo reconnaissance plane over Songjin.
How Many Missions in the Korean War Did Neil Fly?
In his three-year career in the U.S. Navy, he flew 78 missions over Korea for a total of 121 hours. He left the Navy on August 23, 1952, and became a Lieutenant, Junior Grade, in the U.S. Naval Reserve, where he served for eight years before resigning in 1960.
Re-joining university, he finally attained his graduation degree in 1955. Further, in 1970, he obtained a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California.
What Was Neil Armstrong’s Career?
In 1955, with an aim to become an experimental research test pilot. He applied for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).
Due to no open positions, his application was forwarded to the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland. Where he later began working.
He moved back to NACA after a couple of months. His first assignment was to pilot chase planes during releases of experimental aircraft from modified bombers.
Neil Armstrong and X-15
During his seventeen years of service for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA (formerly known as NACA).
He served in various capacities, including as an engineer, test pilot, astronaut, and administrator.
How Many Different Aircraft Did Neil Fly?
As a research pilot, Armstrong tested many high-speed aircraft, including the X-15, which could reach a top speed of 4,000 miles per hour.
Overall, he flew about 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters, and gliders.
The year 1958 marked his selection in the U.S. Air Force’s Man In Space Soonest program.
Two years later, Armstrong was chosen as part of the pilot consultant group for the X-20 Dyna-Soar.
In 1962, Neil finally made it to the top seven pilot engineers who would fly spaceplanes.
Neil Armstrong and Gemini VII
- He became the first American civilian to travel in space.
- His first mission with the Gemini VII was as Command Pilot, which launched on March 16, 1966.
- Originally planned to last 75 hours and 55 orbits. The spacecraft returned 11 hours after its start due to technical problems.
- His last assignment for the Gemini program was for Gemini 11, wherein he worked as a backup Command Pilot.
- The launch was scheduled for September 12, 1966, with Armstrong as a CAPCOM.
- On December 23, 1968, he was appointed to the post of commander for Apollo 11.
- Buzz Aldrin was the lunar module pilot, while Michael Collins served as the command module pilot.
“One Small Step for Man”
The trio landed on the moon on July 20, 1969, a few seconds after 20:17:40 UTC. Armstrong became the first to land on the Moon. His first words were, ‘That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.
After a brief walk on the Moon, which lasted for about two hours, he re-entered the spacecraft and journeyed back to Earth.
They landed in the Pacific Ocean and were picked up by USS Hornet.
After spending 18 days in quarantine, he, along with the crew, moved around the world as part of a 45-day “Giant Leap’ tour. Post his Apollo 11 flight, he announced his plan of not flying in space again.
Neil Armstrong at the University of Cincinnati
- In 1970, he was appointed as the Deputy Associate Administrator for aeronautics. And for the Office of Advanced Research and Technology.
- Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), but served the same for a year, resigning from it and NASA.
- Neil took up a teaching position at the University of Cincinnati in the Department of Aerospace Engineering.
- Armstrong remained in the position for about eight years, resigning in 1979.
Meanwhile, he acted as a spokesperson for several US businesses, including General Time Corporation and the Bankers Association of America.
Armstrong was a member of the board of directors of several companies.
Such as Marathon Oil, Learjet, Cinergy, Taft Broadcasting, United Airlines, Eaton Corporation, AIL Systems, and Thiokol.
Armstrong NASA’s Was The First “Civilian” to Fly in Space
With his appointment as an astronaut, he became NASA’s first civilian to fly in space.
The most spectacular achievement of his life was undertaking the Apollo 11 mission, which was the first manned mission to the Moon.
Neil Armstrong became the first man ever to walk on the Moon’s surface, which lasted for a little over two hours.
What Were Neil Armstrong’s Awards & Achievements?
He was conferred with many prestigious awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Congressional Space Medal of Honor, Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, Sylvanus Thayer Award, and Collier Trophy from the National Aeronautics Association. Furthermore, he received the Congressional Gold Medal.
Hall of Fame
NASA Distinguished Service Medal, Langley Gold Medal, American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award, and the John J. Montgomery Award.
Neil was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame.
Several schools, institutions, streets, buildings, airports, and public squares across the globe have been named after him. Furthermore, an asteroid in space and a lunar crater have been named after him. He received the 2013 General James E. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award from the Space Foundation.
Neil Armstrong’s Personal Life
He walked down the aisle with Janet Elizabeth Shearon on January 28, 1956, at the Congregational Church in Wilmette, Illinois.
How Many Children Did Neil Armstrong Have?
The couple was blessed with three children: Mark Armstrong, Karen Armstrong, and Eric Armstrong.
The Historic Corvette Owned by Neil Armstrong
What Was The Death Cause Of Neil Armstrong?
Neil Armstrong underwent bypass surgery to relieve blocked coronary arteries on August 7, 2012. A few days later, on August 25, he took his last breath.
What is the Legacy of Neil Armstrong?
Neil Armstrong was the first man ever to walk on the surface of the Moon. The Apollo 11 mission inspired the world. When Neil Armstrong made his “small step” on the moon on July 20, 1969, he did more than fulfill President Kennedy’s promise to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s.
Neil Armstrong: The American Hero
He also launched the imaginations of tens of thousands of people worldwide. People who would become future astronauts, astronomers, scientists, engineers, pilots, and adventurers of every kind. We need more humble heroes for our young generations to strive to imitate. Neil Armstrong is one such hero. A global icon and American hero will forever live on via his legacy.
With his advancement of humanity to be taught to generations for thousands of years to come.“We will all miss Neil Armstrong. He achieved so much more than walking on the moon. He showed us how a man from humble beginnings could, through many small steps, rise and forge giant leaps for humanity. He leaves behind a legacy for the good of every person on planet Earth. May he rest in peace.”
Summary of Neil Armstrong’s Life
- 1930: On August 5, Neil Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio.
- 1936: July 20, Neil’s first Airplane Flight experience, when he and his father took a ride in a Ford Trimotor Plane. Note the date July 20, on the same day he landed on the moon in 1961.
- 1945: Received his flight certificate. It was even before he took his driving license.
- 1947: Started studying Aerospace Engineering at the well-known Purdue University.
- 1949: The year he joined the U.S. Navy.
- 1951: Neil served in the U.S. Navy in the Koreas War and conducted 78 missions, including 40 battle missions, for which he earned four medals.
- 1952: Armstrong became Junior Lieutenant.
- 1955: Neil is given a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University.
- 1956: January 28, Married to his first wife, Janet Elizabeth Shearon.
- 1957: August 15, Neil’s First Flight in a Rocket Plane.
- 1958: Was chosen for the U.S. Air Force’s Man in Space Soonest program.
- 1960: Neil Resigns from the U.S. Navy.
- 1965: Armstrong is selected as Command Pilot of the Gemini 8 Mission.
- 1969: July 20, Neil and Buzz landed and walked on the surface of the moon.
- 1970: He is awarded a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering from the famous University of Southern California.
- 1971: Neil Retires from NASA.
- 1971: The year Armstrong joined as a Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the well-known University of Cincinnati.
- 1979: Neil Resigned from the University of Cincinnati.
- 2012: August 25: Armstrong dies at the age of 82.
FAQ
Who Was Neil Armstrong?
Neil was the first human to walk on the Moon. Armstrong was an astronaut who flew on two Apollo space missions. The first was Gemini 8, and the second was Apollo 11, which landed on the Moon in 1969. Neil was also a pilot, an engineer, and even a college professor.
What Was Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong’s Life Like Growing Up?
- Neil Armstrong had a brother and a sister. He was born in Ohio on Aug. 5, 1930. Armstrong’s family moved many times when he was a young boy. They finally settled in Wapakoneta, Ohio, when Neil was 13.
- Flew in an airplane for the first time when he was six years old. And that flight made him appreciate airplanes.
- He was also an Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America. Neil Armstrong also went to Blume High School, located in Wapakoneta.
- Armstrong also went to college at Purdue University. While he was in college, he left to serve in the U.S. Navy.
- A Navy pilot during the Korean War. Afterward, he returned and finished his bachelor’s degree in aeronautical engineering.
- He later also earned a master’s degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California.
What Did Neil Armstrong Do Before He Became an Astronaut?
After Neil graduated from college in 1955, Armstrong went to work for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Note that NACA was a government agency that researched airplanes. Congress later formed NASA in 1958, and NACA became part of this new agency.
Neil Armstrong flew several planes for the agency. He helped design planes. One of the aircraft Neil flew was the famous X-15 rocket plane. This rocket plane set new records for altitude and speed. Some of those records also still stand, even more than 40 years later.
What Did Neil Armstrong Do as a NASA Astronaut?
Neil was selected as a NASA astronaut in 1962. Armstrong was also a member of the second group of astronauts ever chosen. After ending his initial training, he was picked to be the mission commander of Gemini 8 in 1966. The two-person crew was David Scott and Neil Armstrong. They were the two first astronauts to dock two vehicles in space.
The Gemini docked with the Agena spacecraft. The Agena craft, which had no crew, was launched so the Gemini could train docking with it. After docking, the Gemini spacecraft had a thruster problem. The capsule started rotating, and the mission ended early. Neil Armstrong and David Scott were capable of piloting the Gemini safely back to Earth.
What Happened on the Apollo 11 Mission to the Moon?
- Neil Armstrong’s second flight was as commander of Apollo 11 in 1969. The other crew members were Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin.
- Neil and Buzz landed on the Moon’s surface in the lunar lander named Eagle.
- They were the first humans to land on the Moon. Michael Collins stayed in orbit around the Moon in the Apollo capsule.
- After landing, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the Moon. Neil took the first step on the lunar surface. And he said, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
- Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong spent more than two-and-a-half hours operating outside their spacecraft doing experiments on the Moon.
- They examined the Moon’s surface and collected rock samples. The two Apollo 11 astronauts were on the Moon for 21-and-a-half hours, including the time inside the lunar lander.
- After they took off, they docked with the Apollo 11 capsule, still in orbit around the Moon with astronaut Michael Collins. All three Apollo 11 astronauts then flew back to Earth in the Apollo 11 spacecraft.
What Did Neil Armstrong Do After Apollo 11 Mission?
He resigned from NASA the year after Apollo 11. Neil was then a professor at the University of Cincinnati from 1971 to 1979. Armstrong educated classes and did research. He later went into the business world. He continued working in various groups that studied space and aeronautics.
Neil Armstrong, an American Hero
Apollo 11 Commander Neil Armstrong died on Aug. 25, 2012. He was 82 years old.
Thank you for taking the time to read this, and please feel free to browse my website for more exciting facts about the Apollo Program and its Mission to the Moon.